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Morgan Keay

Motive Professionals Draw on Decades of Experience to support USACAPOC CPX

Ft. Leavenworth, KS - Soldiers preparing for overseas deployment spend weeks and months ensuring they are ready for anything. Preparations include individual training, unit training, and training for entire Battalions.  Each level of training requires soldiers to hone specialized skills so that they are ready to fight and win on any battlefield.  For soldiers from United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (USACAPOC), it’s no different.  But in addition to practicing soldier skills from marksmanship to maneuvering, participating in exercises that provide real-world cultural and professional experiences in a training environment are even more crucial to their success. 

Motive International excels in that environment by providing subject matter experts with tailored experiences relevant to specific training audiences.  In the case of the latest USACAPOC Command Post Exercise, held at the Mission Training Complex in Leavenworth, Kansas, Motive brought five subject matter experts, each with decades of experience, in defense, diplomacy, development, and humanitarian response.  

As a social enterprise with a mission to mitigate conflict and enhance stability and sustainability in communities around the globe, Motive International works with governments, private sector organizations, and civil society partners to advance stability through training and education, client programs, and pro-bono impact initiatives.  A long-term partner with USACAPOC, Motive supports multiple command post exercises across the country to support training objectives. 

“This is my third USACAPOC exercise, and by far, this training audience has been very focused,” explained Marc Boyd, a 32-year Navy veteran and Motive subject matter expert.  “I’ve been impressed by the training audience’s early and active engagement with the role players, asking formative and probing questions to determine the best way to respond to the emerging humanitarian and security crisis that is highlighted in the exercise.” 

During this exercise that supported multiple units, including 360th Civil Affairs Brigade, 426th Civil Affairs Battalion, 492nd Civil Affairs Battalion, 15th Psychological Operations Battalion, 4th Psychological Operations Group, and the 303rd Army Service Component Command Detachment (Information Operations), Boyd served as a role player as a U.S. Embassy Public Diplomacy Officer, a representative of the United Nations Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, and as a local freelance journalist.   

Richard Albright provides insight about humanitarian response and international development.

  

“After 32 years as a Navy Public Affairs Officer working in several U.S. Embassies and operational commands around the world, I joined the United Nations as a program manager for the International Organization for Migration,” Boyd said. “I supported humanitarian programs in West Africa, Libya, Somalia, and Washington, DC.  Exercises like this allow me to share my military experience and my experience supporting humanitarian initiatives overseas.” 

While this exercise series focused on a fictitious country in a tumultuous region, the scenario is one that could be ripped out of today’s headlines: One nation is overrun by an overzealous neighbor to gain access to the area’s natural resources. A coalition of countries band together to support a United Nations Security Council Resolution to restore the country’s democratically elected government, while restoring security and stability to the region. 

Richard Albright used decades of experience in humanitarian response and international development to enhance training. He brings a unique perspective to Motive’s team, having served as Deputy Assistant Secretary in the U.S State Department’s Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (NEA) coordinating with other State bureaus, USG agencies, and the U.S Congress to ensure the advancement of U.S policy priorities.

As role players, Motive’s subject matter experts help training audiences develop solutions to difficult challenges presented in the scenario.  They also learn how they will interact with United Action Partners, such as U.S. interagency partners; United Nations Humanitarian Country Team members; international non-government organizations; and host nation government representatives at all levels, from national to local. Members of the training audience also get a chance to conduct civil engagements with key leaders in the host country. 

With subject matter experts serving in several roles, Motive’s role players recalled their experience to ensure the training audience had realistic encounters with Unified Action Partners. 

“Motive International has an extremely deep bench of subject matter experts across the spectrum of all military and civilian lines of effort,” explained Pasquale “Pat” Capriglione, a 35-year veteran of the U.S. Department of State where he served as a senior Regional Security Officer and a Provincial Reconstruction Team Commander in al-Anbar, Iraq. 

Capriglione is also a veteran of supporting these types of command post exercises, with more than 42 exercises under his belt, and says these missions help prepare units who may serve or interact with U.S. Embassies or interagency partners overseas. 

“The training audience has learned the U.S. Ambassador’s role in military conflicts occurring in their area of operation,” Capriglione stated.  “The training audience has also learned the roles of each respective Country Team Member and the equities they bring to the fight.” 

As a team of role players, Motive’s subject matter experts provide decades of real-world experience and serve as a resource for the training audience as they participate in their command post exercise. 

“Motive is uniquely suited to provide this kind of training because no other organization has the mix of backgrounds and depth of experience, both peacetime and conflict, as well as a deep and intuitive understanding of how operations in the field interact with political-level actions in Washington,” said Laird Treiber, a 31-year veteran as an Economic Officer with the U.S. State Department who now focuses on promoting trade and investment and teaches about global economy at George Washington University. “Motive is uniquely placed to translate the strategic imperatives of any successful action into unit-level inputs, and model how those interactions would take place in the real world.” 

“Motive doesn’t just provide role players; they provide professionals with decades of specialized experience that is directly related to the task,” Boyd explained.  “In the case of this Command Post Exercise for United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command, our five consultants come a variety of backgrounds within the U.S. military, U.S. State Department, and United Nations, that is tailored to the training scenario. 

One of those professionals, U.S. Army Col. (ret.) John Maraia, served 28 years as an Infantry officer with the 82nd Airborne and a Special Forces Officer. “I spent the bulk of my career in the 1st Special Forces Group where I commanded from the detachment- to battalion-level, followed by command of Special Operations Command – Forward Lebanon. Staff assignments ranged from U.S. Embassy Jakarta to U.S. Joint Forces Command, U.S. Special Operations Command, the Office of the Secretary of the Army, The Joint Staff, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense,” Maraia said.   

John Maraia meets with USACAPOC soldiers in an exercise scenario.

His wealth of experience is well-suited to provide realistic examples to the training audience.  

“I think I’ve been able to introduce concepts to the training audience based on my personal experience interacting with Country Teams and host-nation partners,” Maraia explained.  “Motive has the proven ability to bring together highly experienced personnel to portray the range of agencies with whom the U.S. military needs to be able to engage and collaborate.” 

Learning appropriate ways of engaging and collaborating with various stakeholders in any conflict or humanitarian response is one of the most important take-aways from the exercise, according to Boyd. 

“I have a couple of goals in these exercises,” Boyd said. “One goal is to ensure the training audience learns the importance of coordinating activities and synchronizing communication with all relevant stakeholders. This is an important skill to practice during the exercise but is critically important in the real world.  When our troops deploy overseas, they will want to ensure that all relevant players are aware of their objectives.  These military units, especially those in Civil Affairs, will want to ensure their activities are coordinated with the U.S. Country Team, host nation military commanders, and Unified Action Partners.” 

“The second goal I want to convey is to think of the team at the U.S. Embassy as a resource,” Boyd continued.  “They can provide invaluable information that is needed to produce a well-informed plan.  Soldiers just need to reach out to their State Department colleagues who will, in most cases, be more than willing to share information.” 

Maraia agreed, stating exercises like this, “sensitizes the training audience to the need to coordinate with both their U.S. government partners and the host nation.” 

Motive’s ability to find subject matter experts eager to share their experiences seems to be paying off. 

“From my perspective,” Maraia said, “this training audience is leaning farther forward on engaging the United Action Partners than I’ve seen during previous exercises.” 

Treiber agreed.  “This is my second exercise, and it's been fascinating to see how different training audiences approached the same scenario. Both exercises have underscored just how important it is for both military units and civilian agencies to understand how the other part of the team thinks and their capacities - as well as what they cannot do or won't do,” said Treiber.  “This kind of exercise is a great opportunity to highlight the art of the possible for what can work - and what isn't as productive. It's also been amazing to see how creative some of the training units are in terms of thinking up new approaches and lines of effort.” 

Boyd seconded that opinion. “What I’ve learned is that when the training audience uses all the resources available to them, such as role players, they are able to develop better solutions more quickly, allowing unit commanders to make more informed decisions.” 

By allowing Soldiers to practice cultural and professional skills learned in a training environment, Motive is helping Soldiers become better prepared to respond appropriately and successfully in any overseas environment.   

 You can read more about Motive’s robust training and exercise support portfolio on our website. When you are ready to learn more about how Motive subject matter experts can enhance your upcoming training event, please contact us today!

Contributing to Global Atrocity Prevention through Tabletop Exercises

In 2021-22, Motive International was subcontracted by a large business prime contract holder to design and build an Atrocity Prevention (AP) tabletop exercise (TTX) for the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (State/DRL). Delivered to State/DRL in September 2022, the TTX Motive developed today serves as the primary mechanism to fulfill the State Department’s Congressional mandate to train U.S. officials in AP as per the Eli Wiesel Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of 2018. Through immersive learning that measurably translates to real-world AP impacts, this project demonstrates Motive’s mastery harnessing the power of TTXs to advance our mission to mitigate conflict and bolster global stability.

Countering Hybrid Warfare: Mapping Social Contracts to Reinforce Societal Resiliency in Estonia and Beyond

Salamah MagnusonMorgan KeayKimberly Metcalf

Kremlin-backed hybrid warfare — a whole-of-society warfare on the political, economic, and social fabric of societies — has put states in the Kremlin’s crosshairs on high alert. These states remain vulnerable to hybrid threats partly because they lack appropriate tools to identify and mitigate efforts that foment political instability. Motive International developed the Social Contract Assessment Tool (SCAT) and applied a society-centric analysis in Estonia to evaluate vulnerability to or resilience against hybrid threats. Our research revealed that ethnic-Russian Estonians who speak Russian as the primary household language perceive institutions that embrace their dual identity as Estonian citizens and as ethnic Russians as legitimate and perceive institutions that challenge this dual identity as divisive. This research demonstrated the utility of the SCAT to characterize social cohesion relevant to national policy, security, and civil resistance efforts in the context of hybrid warfare.

Read on in Texas National Security Review Vol 5, Iss 2 Spring 2022

Opening a Conversation About Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS)

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, and related emerging technologies are reshaping how policymakers and strategists think about national security, strategic stability, and conflict mitigation. These emerging technologies offer the prospect of exponentially faster and more accurate analysis and decision-making, more secure communications, more resilient networks, more precise and cost-effective application of resources, and more comprehensive understanding of the environment in which an individual, company, or government operates. Mastering the development and deployment of these technologies would dramatically enhance a country’s military, economic, and diplomatic capabilities, which is why most countries are rushing to deepen their understanding of AI and expand research and development in AI-related applications.

While some of these technologies are thought to be years away from widespread practical application -– for example, quantum technology or biotechnology for human enhancement – others like AI and machine learning are already being used today in almost all facets of life, including national security. One of the most significant new technologies impacting U.S. national security and the U.S. Department of Defense’s assessment of current and future threats is AI-based autonomous decision-making and its potential use in lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS), defined as weapons that are designed to independently select and engage targets without the need for human control. [1] LAWS present us with a thought-provoking array of problem-sets, as the technology is advancing far faster than U.S. policymaking and international diplomatic negotiations can keep pace. Several dozen countries and over 100 non-governmental organizations are demanding that the international community agree under UN auspices to ban LAWS because of ethical concerns over algorithms making lethal decisions autonomously. But U.S. state competitors like China and Russia, not to mention potential non-state adversaries, are already developing and exporting potentially autonomous weapon systems. The incoming Biden Administration will soon be confronted with important decision points about the USG’s R&D, deployment, and potential use of LAWS in combat, the implications of U.S. competitors and adversaries doing the same, and whether this category of weapons and technologies should face more rigorous scrutiny and oversight by an international treaty or agreement.

As a social enterprise deeply committed to mitigating conflict and enhancing stability and sustainability around the globe, Motive International recognizes the urgency of helping policymakers and strategists better understand both the opportunities and threats that LAWS pose to US national security and to regional and global conflict mitigation. Motive is launching a new initiative to help U.S. policymakers, strategists, and other stakeholders better understand the technical, policy, operational, diplomatic, and ethical dimensions that LAWS present, identify gaps in understanding, and frame the policy and operational choices decision-makers will need to consider in the months and years ahead to ensure these technologies promote rather than undermine global peace and stability.

As we develop this initiative, Motive is pleased to recommend to our community of interest the following key reports and resources related to LAWS and related technologies that are shaping how we are thinking about this important topic:

Overviews

Defense Primer: U.S. Policy on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems”, Congressional Research Service, December 2020

Autonomous weapons are a game-changer”, The Economist, January 2018

U.S. (DOD and State Department) Policy and NATO Perspectives

AI Principles: Recommendations on the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence by the Department of Defense”, Defense Innovation Board, October 2019

Conducting Article 36 Legal Reviews for Lethal Autonomous Weapons”, Jared Cochrane, Journal of Science Policy & Governance, April 2020

Statement by the U.S. Delegation to the UN CCW Group of Government Experts (GGE), March 2019

US Government Response to UN CCW GGE Virtual Dialogue on LAWS

NATO: Science & Technology Trends 2020-2040: Exploring the S&T Edge

NATO: “Autonomous Systems: Issues for Defence Policymakers

UN Views and Diplomatic Discussions

International Discussions Concerning Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems”, Congressional Research Service, October 2020

The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Report on “Unlocking the Black Box” of autonomous decision-making

Report of the 2019 session of the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, September 2019

Think Tank Reports on LAWS Development and Risks

Redefining Human Control: Lessons from the Battlefield for Autonomous Weapons”, Center for Naval Analyses, March 2018

Who’s Prone to Drone? A Global Time-Series Analysis of Armed Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Proliferation, Michael Horowitz, October 2020

The Risks of Autonomous Weapons Systems for Crisis Stability and Conflict Escalation in Future U.S.-Russia Confrontations, Burgess Laird, June 2020, RAND blog

NGO Argument to Ban LAWS

Human Rights Watch (HRW) argument in favor of a Treaty to Ban LAWS” June 2020

Motive Civ-Mil Team Snags Silver Medal in Global Impactathon

Motive Civ-Mil Team Snags Silver Medal in Global Impactathon

Participating alongside 100+ global social entrepreneurs and changemakers, Motive formed a civilian-military team and participated in a 2-day virtual Impactathon August 21-22, 2020, taking second place among 25 teams for the most innovative approach to addressing extreme poverty.

Hosted by the NGOs Innov8Social and Join the Journey, the Impactathon challenged teams of participants to produce a social enterprise business model in less than 48 hours that could contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal #1 to end poverty in all forms by 2030.

Custom TCS Workshop Informs Cross-Sector Planning to Address Real-World Conflict

Custom TCS Workshop Informs Cross-Sector Planning to Address Real-World Conflict

“Because of COVID, we shifted from in-person course delivery to Motive’s pandemic-proven all-virtual (online) course format,” Motive’s CEO, Morgan Keay explained. “But more importantly, when we learned about the unit’s urgent tasking to examine a particular evolving conflict, we proposed building a custom real-world scenario into the event at no additional cost. The idea was to maximize the unit’s investment in training and optimize impact by turning the final day of TCS into an action-oriented analytic and planning workshop. To co-facilitate alongside our SME instructors, we invited three world-leading academic and policy experts in the topic the unit had been directed to tackle.”

Dismantling Afghanistan's Opium Empire: How the heroin-rich Taliban could become the world's most ironic counter-narcotics champion

Dismantling Afghanistan's Opium Empire: How the heroin-rich Taliban could become the world's most ironic counter-narcotics champion

Since the toppling of their regime in 2001, the Taliban have demanded recognition from Kabul as a legitimate political actor in a country where they enjoy substantial support among segments of the population, not least for for the economic and infrastructural systems they helped cultivate and on which nearly all rural Afghans depend. The Taliban have a near monopoly on a global commodity representing a $4 billion dollar a year industry that necessitates the sustainment of elaborate supply chains: opium. But a deeper conflict analysis foretells a future in which the Taliban could soon be incentivized not only to walk away from its lucrative drug empire but become an ardent counter-narcotics partner to the Kabul government and its international backers.

The Power of Civ-Mil Partnerships in Fragile State Development: A CSIS Panel Discussion Featuring Motive CEO Morgan Keay

The Power of Civ-Mil Partnerships in Fragile State Development: A CSIS Panel Discussion Featuring Motive CEO Morgan Keay

In May 2017, Motive CEO Morgan Keay was a featured panelist at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) at an event entitled “The Role of Multi-Sector Partnerships in the New Development Era.” CSIS hosted this half-day event at the start of the Trump Administration when U.S. foreign assistance budgets faced significant cuts. The panel Morgan spoke on was asked to explore creative options to better leverage capital – financial or otherwise – through cross-sector partnerships, specifically in conflict-affected and fragile states. 

Opening her remarks with the statement, “Conflict affects all sectors of society and therefore takes all sectors of society to address." Morgan confronted an idea considered to be heretical by many in the international development and diplomacy communities: expanded partnerships with the military can advance development and humanitarian goals. To make the case, Morgan offered a story about a real-world case study: a World Bank-funded road construction project through the heart of extremist-affected territory in West Africa’s Lake Chad Basin. This example illustrates what happened when local civil society, the host country’s military, and the U.S. military came together around a violence-plagued infrastructure project to transform human security in the region.

Shaping Authority in the Human Domain: Transforming Civil Affairs’ Aperture on Governance.

Shaping Authority in the Human Domain: Transforming Civil Affairs’ Aperture on Governance.

The term ‘governance’ recently re-emerged across the Civil Affairs Regiment, appearing on new Mission Essential Task Lists in the SOF component, in updated regiment-wide doctrine and publications and as a reinvigorated topic of concept and capability development.01 Governance is not new to CA. The regiment’s roots are in Military Government in post-World War I and World War II theatres, and more recently in state-building endeavors, including in Iraq and Afghanistan. Indeed, images of CA forces executing technocratic, essential service projects in support of governments-in-transition is often the first image that comes to mind when one thinks of governance in the military context. This image is problematic.

From Precedent, Possibility: New Models for "Whole of Society" Foreign Policy

From Precedent, Possibility: New Models for "Whole of Society" Foreign Policy

Fragile and conflict-affected regions of the world threaten not only U.S. national security, but the stability and prosperity of markets and society. If we accept that governments, businesses, and citizens all stand to gain by addressing global crises, then a “whole-of-society” approach to U.S. foreign policy should be the norm. Yet in practice, full-spectrum, civil-military (civ-mil), public-private collaboration remains ad hoc and sub-optimized. This is especially true for U.S. engagements in the world’s trickiest places, namely fragile and conflict-affected regions. With the Trump Administration still forming its global strategies and re-shaping how resources and roles are arranged for U.S. foreign policy, comes an opportunity to re-imagine how stakeholders collaborate in countries facing crises. In light of proposed foreign assistance cuts, an expanding defense budget, and a more commercially-inclined Administration, civilian, military, public, and private actors may in fact have no choice but to leverage their comparative advantages like never before.

Cracking the Code on Assessments, Monitoring & Evaluation

Cracking the Code on Assessments, Monitoring & Evaluation

On 1-2 OCT 2019, the CENTCOM J3 Counternarcotics (CN) division -- in partnership with NESA -- sponsored a seminar and workshop called “Cracking the Code on Assessments, Monitoring & Evaluation (AM&E)” led by Motive International SMEs Ms. Morgan Keay and Dr. Salamah Magnuson. With participants from across CENTCOM, SOCOM, SOCCENT and from OSD/Counternarcotics, the event cultivated participants’ AM&E skills in the Theory of Change and Types & Targets of Change (T2Delta) methods, then facilitated the application of these methods to the CENTCOM CN portfolio.

Supporting the Trickiest Task: How Civil Affairs Can Bring Essential and Missing Capabilities to Geographic Combatant Command’s Mandate to Prevent Conflict

Supporting the Trickiest Task: How Civil Affairs Can Bring Essential and Missing Capabilities to Geographic Combatant Command’s Mandate to Prevent Conflict

This paper, a collaboration between Motive CEO Morgan Keay and US Army Civil Affairs Major Clay Daniels, was originally published in The Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute’s quarterly journal  Volume 3, 2016-17 Civil Affairs Issue Papers: Leveraging Civil Affairs, alongside other the winning papers from 2016 Civil Affairs Association's Annual Symposium.

Social Contracts on NATO’s Front Line: Motive’s SCAT Helps Reveal Policy Dilemmas and Practical Opportunities

Social Contracts on NATO’s Front Line: Motive’s SCAT Helps Reveal Policy Dilemmas and Practical Opportunities

In April and May of 2019, a team of Motive International experts composed of Dr. Salamah MagnusonMorgan Keay and Kimberly Metcalf conducted an investigation of societal dynamics in Estonia through in-country field research focused on social cohesion and national security. The purpose of this initiative was to apply Motive’s Social Contract Assessment Tool (SCAT), a framework designed to identify and characterize social institutions and the sources of legitimacy that underpin them in transitioning or threatened societies in order to inform policies, plans and activities to mitigate threats and promote stability. 

U.S. Hegemony is in Decline, So What?

U.S. Hegemony is in Decline, So What?

In answer to question of what alliance structure would be “most appropriate for the US interests in the 21st Century?” Morgan Keay, CEO of Motive International, asserts that the U.S. must move towards “cross-sectorism”. In order to constructively compete with the rising influence of China and the European Union, and prevent armed conflicts, the U.S. must develop systems for stronger integration of diplomatic, commercial, humanitarian and military efforts.

Watch the video of the complete discussion, and learn more about Motive’s Transforming Crisis Systems course, offering integrative conflict mitigation strategies for military operations.